Cost and Affordability of Healthy Diets in West Africa: Implications for Nutrition Outcomes and Well-Being

Abstract

Malnutrition is a major public health issue globally with lower–middle–income countries being the most affected. It is associated with the upsurge of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. This study assessed the cost and affordability of healthy diets in West Africa, as well as the nutritional and public health implications of the cost of healthy diets in the region. Data on the cost and affordability of healthy diets and nutritional outcomes in West Africa were obtained from the Global Nutrition Report and the FAOSTAT database. Data from the period 2010 to 2023 were used for the analysis and reporting. The cost of a healthy diet is calculated based on the least expensive locally available foods that meet energy needs (2,330 kcal/day) and adhere to food-based dietary guidelines. In all, 60% of the populace were unable to afford a healthy diet. Obesity was more prevalent among females than males across all countries. Female prevalence ranged from 8% in Niger to 38% in Mauritania, while male prevalence ranged from 3% in Sierra Leone to 14% in Senegal. The West African averages were 7.8% among males and 17.3% among females. The average undernourishment was 9.9% and 9% for males and females, respectively. Prevalence of diabetes was 9.6% and 10.9% for males and females, respectively, with Gambia and Niger recording the highest (15.8%) and lowest (6.2%), respectively. Among the under-five population, the prevalence of stunting was highest in Niger (46.5%), followed by Nigeria (33.5%). The highest prevalence of wasting (13.6%) was observed in Mauritania. Ghana reported the lowest prevalence of stunting (15.7%) and wasting (5.8%). Malnutrition is prevalent in West Africa due to the high cost of healthy foods. Measures should be taken to make healthy foods more accessible and affordable to the average populace.