Impacts of Illegal Fishing and Ocean Dependence on the Livelihoods of Coastal Fisherfolk in Ghana

Abstract

This paper investigates illegal fishing practices and their impacts on the livelihoods of small-scale coastal fisherfolk. A qualitative case study approach was employed, consisting of 53 semi-structured interviews with fisherfolk and key stakeholders in the fisheries industry. The results reveal that the use of unapproved nets, chemicals, explosives, detergents, and light fishing, are the main illegal fishing practices. These illegal fishing activities have resulted in overfishing, decline in fish catch, and the destruction of the marine ecosystem. Fishermen's intensification of light fishing together with the application of chemicals and explosives as a livelihood strategy to avoid decreasing fish catch and low income are unsustainable. Illegal fishing activities threaten the sustainability of coastal fisheries and the livelihoods of fishing households. The implications of the findings relate to the necessity of reducing illegal fishing practices and rebuilding coastal livelihoods. We recommend the strict enforcement of fisheries laws related to illegal fishing and the provision of complimentary jobs during lean fishing season.