Local Collective Action and Challenges of Seaweed Management in the Western Region of Ghana.

Abstract

This study examined the challenges posed by seaweed invasions in the coastal communities of Ghana. It focused on the general perceptions of seaweed, its effect on fisheries and livelihoods, and the removal mechanisms adopted by affected communities. The paper used a mixed-method approach consisting of a questionnaire survey of 300 fishing-dependent households and 12 interviews with stakeholders. The study revealed a predominantly negative perception of seaweeds among fisherfolk in the studied communities. This perception emanates from the devastating impacts of seaweed invasion on their livelihoods. The accumulation of seaweed offshore disrupts fishing activities, damages fishing nets resulting in decrease catch. This has resulted in significant economic hardships, leaving some fisherfolk unable to sustain their families or continue in the fishing industry. Despite the significant challenges posed by seaweed invasions, the study revealed that seaweed removal mechanisms are primarily informal and driven by the communities. However, these initiatives tend to be unsustainable and insufficient to address the problem on a broader scale. While communities show resilience through informal seaweed removal strategies, these efforts are inadequate in addressing the problem. Increasing awareness about seaweed's economic and ecological benefits and implementing effective management practices could transform seaweed from a threat into an asset. Government agencies, NGOs, Civil societies should prioritize seaweed management by allocating resources for research, supporting mechanical removal, and establishing offshore collection infrastructure. Policies should also promote collaboration between local associations/cooperative, local authorities, national and transnational organizations for sustainable management of marine and coastal environments.